Stainless Steel Grade 310 – Austral Wright Metals

 

Stainless Steel Grade 310

Product Data Sheet – Stainless Steel

Grades 310, 310S  UNS-S31000, S31008
Grade 310 is a medium carbon austenitic stainless steel, for high temperature applications such as furnace parts and heat treatment equipment. It is used at temperatures up to 1150°C in continuous service, and 1035°C in intermittent service. Grade 310S is a low carbon version of grade 310.

Typical Applications

Grade 310/310S is used in fluidised bed combustors, kilns, radiant tubes, tube hangers for petroleum refining and steam boilers, coal gasifier internal components, lead pots, thermowells, refractory anchor bolts, burners and combustion chambers, retorts, muffles, annealing covers, saggers, food processing equipment, cryogenic structures.

Chemical Composition

(AS1449 / ASTM A240 – Flat Products)

Carbon Manganese Silicon Phosphorus Sulphur Chromium Nickel
310 0.25 max 2.00 max 1.50 max 0.045 max 0.030 max 24.00 – 26.00 19.00 – 22.00
310S 0.08 max 2.00 max 1.50 max 0.045 max 0.030 max 24.00 – 26.00 19.00 – 22.00

Mechanical Properties

(AS1449 / ASTM A240 – Flat Products)

0.2% Proof Stress Tensile Strength Elongation Hardness
Unit MPa MPa % HB (max)
310 / 310S 205 520 40 225

Description

These grades contain 25% chromium and 20% nickel, making them highly resistant to oxidation and corrosion. Grade 310S is a lower carbon version, less prone to embrittlement and sensitisation in service.

The high chromium and medium nickel content make these steels capable for applications in reducing sulphur atmospheres containing H2S. They are widely used in moderately carburising atmospheres, as encountered in petrochemical environments. For more severe carburising atmospheres other heat resisting alloys should be selected. Grade 310 is not recommended for frequent liquid quenching as it suffers from thermal shock. The grade is often used in cryogenic applications, due to its toughness and low magnetic permeability.

In common with other austenitic stainless steels, these grades cannot be hardened by heat treatment. They can be hardened by cold work, but this is rarely practiced.

Availability

Austral Wright Metals can supply these grades as plate, sheet and strip, bar and rod, seamless tube and pipe, welded tube and pipe, forgings and forging billet, tube and pipe fittings, wire.

Corrosion Resistance

Grade 310/310S is generally not used for corrosive liquid service, although the high chromium and nickel content give corrosion resistance superior to grade 304. The alloy does not contain molybdenum, so pitting resistance is quite poor. Grade 310/310S will be sensitised to intergranular corrosion after service at temperatures in range 550 – 800°C. Chloride stress corrosion cracking may take place in corrosive liquids containing chlorides at temperatures exceeding 100°C.

Physical Properties

(Typical, annealed)

Property
At
Value
unit
Density
8,000
kg/m³
Melting Range
1400 – 1450
°C
Modulus of Elasticity
20°C
200
GPa
Shear Modulus
20°C
77
GPa
Poisson’s Ratio
20°C
0.30
Thermal Conductivity
100°C
14.2
W / m. °C
Electrical Resistivity
25°C
0.78
micro-ohm . m
Electrical Conductivity
25°C
1.25
% IACS
Specific Heat
 500 J/kg. °C
Relative Magnetic Permeability
 1.02
Coefficient of Expansion
 0 – 100°C 15.9 /°C
0 – 315°C 16.2 /°C
0 – 540°C 17.0 /°C

Heat Resistance

Grades 310/310S have good resistance to oxidation in intermittent service in air up to 1035°C and 1050°C in continuous service. The grades are resistant to oxidation, sulphidation and carburisation.

Pressure Vessels

AS1210, Pressure Vessels, allows the use of grade 310 up to 800°C.

Fabrication

Grades 310/310S are forged in the temperature range 975 – 1175°C. Heavy work is carried out down to 1050°C and a light finish is applied to the bottom of the range. After forging annealing is recommended to relieve all stresses from the forging process. The alloys can be readily cold formed by standard methods and equipment.

Machinability

Grades 310/310S are similar in machinability to type 304. Work hardening can be a problem and it is normal to remove the work hardened layer by using slow speeds and heavy cuts, with sharp tools and good lubrication. Powerful machines and heavy, rigid tools are used.

Weldability

Grades 310/310S are welded with matching electrodes and filler metals. The alloys are readily welded by SMAW (manual), GMAW (MIG), GTAW (TIG) and SAW. Electrodes to AWS A5.4 E310-XX and A 5.22 E310T-X, and filler metal AWS A5.9 ER310 are used. Argon is shielding gas.

Preheat and post heat are not required, but for corrosion service in liquids full post weld solution annealing treatment is essential.

Pickling and passivation of the surface to remove high temperature oxides are essential to restore full aqueous corrosion resistance after welding. This treatment is not required for high temperature service, but welding slag should be thoroughly removed.

Heat Treatment

Type 310/310S are solution annealed by heating to temperature range 1040 – 1065°C, holding at temperature until thoroughly soaked, then water quenching.

Effect of Exposure at 480 – 650º on Room Temperature Toughness and Hardness

Temperature °C Exposure Time
1,000 hours 10,000 hours
Charpy Impact Hardness Charpy Impact Hardness
J HB J HB
Unexposed 102 124 102 124
480 119 84 152
565 65 119 39 174
650 39 130 3 269

Mechanical Properties at Cryogenic Temperatures

Temperature °C Yield Strength Tensile Strength Elongation Izod Impact
MPa MPa % J
-40 269 655 57 149
-62 276 689 55 149
-196 510 1048 54 115
-252 745 1213 56

The technical advice and recommendations made in this Product Data Sheet should not be relied or acted upon without conducting your own further investigations, including corrosion exposure tests where needed. Please consult current editions of standards for design properties. Austral Wright Metals assumes no liability in connection with the information in this Product Data Sheet. Austral Wright Metals supplies a comprehensive range of stainless steels, copper alloys, nickel alloys and other high performance metals for challenging service conditions. Our engineers and metallurgists will be pleased to provide further data and applications advice.

 

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